1. Allen, Ivan (1911-2003) - mayor of Atlanta who was instrumental in the development of the city, bringing major league sports teams to Atlanta, and a key figure in the civil rights movement.

 

2. Hartsfield, William B. (1890-1971) - Atlanta’s longest serving mayor who was instrumental in bring aviation to the city and worked with civil rights leaders during the civil rights movement.

 

3. Jackson, Maynard (1938-2003) - first African-American mayor of a major southern city (Atlanta).

 

4. Arnall, Ellis (1907-1992) - progressive Georgia governor who is credited for restoring accreditation to the state’s institutions of higher education, lowering the voting age, and abolishing the poll tax.

 

5. Maddox, Lester (1915-2003)-one of the last openly segregationist politicians in Georgia (Governor).

 

6. Talmadge, Herman (1913-2002) - segregationist Georgia Governor and U.S. Senator; son of Governor Eugene Talmadge

 

7. Mays, Benjamin (1894-1984) - president of Morehouse College and mentor to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

 

8. White Primary - tactic used by whites in Georgia to prevent blacks from voting in the Democratic primary; because Georgia was a one party state, this prevented African-Americans from having a voice in elections.

 

9. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - Supreme Court cases that struck down the policy of separate but equal and mandated the desegregation of public schools.

 

10. King, Jr., Martin Luther (1929-1968) - important civil rights leader and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.

 

11. 1956 State Flag - controversial flag that flew over Georgia from 1956-2001. The flag was controversial due to the flag’s prominent Confederate Battle emblem.

 

12. Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee - civil rights organization by college students that urged non-violent protests to gain integration; the group became more militant in the late 1960s.

 

13. Sibley Commission (1961) - investigation by lawyer John Sibley to determine what should be done about integration in the state; though 60% of Georgians claimed they would rather close the public schools than integrate, Sibley recommended that public schools desegregate on a limited basis.

 

14. Holmes, Hamilton (1941-1995) - one of the first African-Americans to integrate the University of Georgia; became a successful doctor

 

15. Hunter (Gault), Charlayne (b. 1942) - one the first African-Americans to integrate the University of Georgia; became a successful journalist.

 

16. Albany Movement - an organized civil rights protest led by the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, whose primary objective was to desegregate the city of Albany, Georgia, and the surrounding community.

 

17. March on Washington (1963) - famous civil rights march led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.; the famous “I Have a Dream” speech was given at the march.

 

18. Civil Rights Act (1964) - federal legislation that forbade discrimination on the basis of race and sex in hiring, firing, and promotion.

 

19. Young, Andrew (b. 1932) - important civil rights leader who served as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations and Mayor of Atlanta; was also instrumental in bringing the 1996 Olympic Games to Atlanta.

 

20. Carter, Jimmy (b. 1924) - only United States President from Georgia; also a Georgia state senator and governor, and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize

 

21. Two Party System - a democratic form of government where two major parties dominate the political landscape.

 

22. 1996 Olympic Games - the Olympic Games are an international athletic event that occurs every four years; the 1996 Olympic Games were awarded to Atlanta and the state of Georgia; Georgia has benefited economically due to the games