1.  Bourbon Triumvirate - three powerful Georgia politicians (Joseph E. Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt, and John B. Gordon) who dominated Georgia politics for over 20 years.      

 

2.  New South - period after Reconstruction where political and community leaders in the South sought to diversify Georgia’s economy and bring Northern technology and/or investments into the state.

 

3.  The International Cotton Exposition - a series of three large events (1881, 1885, and 1895) established to display Atlanta’s growth and industrial capabilities and to lure Northern investment to the region.

 

4.  Atlanta Compromise Speech - speech made by Booker T. Washington and the International Cotton exposition which called for blacks to become proficient in agriculture, mechanics, and commerce, and for whites to trust blacks and provide opportunities for them to be successful economically.

 

5.  The Populists - a short lived political party (1892-1908) made up of farmers that were hostile to banks, railroads, and social elites. At the beginning, the party was made up of both whites and blacks. Georgian Tom Watson was a leader and presidential candidate for the party.                                                

 

6.  Rural Free Delivery Act - legislation proposed by Georgia Congressman Tom Watson that provided free mail delivery to rural areas of the country. U.S. senator.

 

7.  Women’s Suffrage - national political moment supporting women’s right to vote.                                            

 

8.  1906 Race Riot - 48 hour riot in Atlanta caused by economic competition and false newspaper accounts of African-American men attacking white women; several African-Americans were killed during the riot.

 

9.  Leo Frank Case - trial where a Northern Jewish pencil factory manager was accused of murdering 13 year old Mary Phagan; found guilty of the crime and sentenced to death, his sentence was later reduced to life due to additional evidence. However, a group of men calling themselves “the Knights of Mary Phagan” took Frank out of his prison cell and lynched him in Marietta.

 

10.  County Unit System – (a) a political policy that gave each county a certain number of votes based on three categories (rural, town, or urban); system was ended because it violated the “one man-one vote” doctrine. (b) a voting system that gave more power to Georgia’s rural counties than urban ones.

 

11.  Jim Crow Laws - laws created by state legislatures to deny African-Americans citizenship rights.

 

12.  Plessy v. Ferguson - Supreme Court case that established the separate but equal doctrine thus promoting segregation.

 

13.  Disenfranchisement - to deprive a person the right to vote or rights of citizenship.

 

14.  Poll Tax - a disenfranchising tactic that required voters to pay a fee in order to vote; this prevented poor blacks and whites from voting.

 

15.  White Primary      - tactic used by whites in Georgia to prevent blacks from voting in the Democratic primary; because Georgia was a one party state, this prevented African-Americans from having a voice in elections.

 

16.  Literacy Tests - a disenfranchising tactic that required voters to pass a reading and writing test in order to vote.

 

17.  Grandfather Clause - disenfranchisement law that said if a person’s father could vote before the Civil War they would be able to vote as well.

 

People:

 

1.  Joseph E. Brown – one of the Bourbon Triumvirate                                         

 

2.  Alfred H. Colquitt - one of the Bourbon Triumvirate

 

3.  John B. Gordon - one of the Bourbon Triumvirate                                           

 

4.  Henry Grady - managing editor for the Atlanta Journal who promoted the concept of the “New South.”

 

5.  Tom Watson - lawyer, writer, and politician from Georgia; most well-known for his rural free delivery bill; began his career in the independent democrat and populist party with a progressive view of racial policies; ended his career as an ardent segregationist and anti-Semite; died while serving a term as U.S. senator from Georgia                              

 

6.  Rebecca Latimer Felton - Georgia writer, political activist, social reformer, and first female U.S. senator.

 

7.  Booker T. Washington - educator, author, political activist, and orator; promoted the idea that African-Americans should pursue economic and educational endeavors before seeking social and political equality.                                 

 

8.  W.E.B. DuBois - civil rights leader and college professor who fought for immediate social and political rights for African-Americans.

 

9.  John Hope - an important educator, civil rights leader, and social reformer; president of Morehouse and Atlanta University.

 

10.  Lugenia Burns Hope - community organizer, reformer, and social activist; wife of John Hope.

 

11. Alonso Herndon - founder of the Atlanta Mutual Life Insurance Company.